Undervolting
Reducing the voltage supplied to a CPU or GPU so it runs cooler and uses less power.
Undervolting is the practice of telling a processor to do the same work at a lower voltage than the manufacturer default. The chip runs cooler, draws less current, and produces less heat, all at the cost of a small loss of stability margin. For home Malairte miners, a well-tuned GPU undervolt typically cuts power draw 20-30% while losing only a few percent of hashrate. This is one of the highest-leverage adjustments a home miner can make because it reduces both the electricity bill and the wear on the card. Tools like MSI Afterburner (NVIDIA) and AMD Radeon Software (AMD) make it accessible without special hardware.